Don't ever do this on a current bare metal system!
Even if you have everything backed up, plan on re-installing anyway, and just want to see what happens.
On a modern EFI system, recursively deleting everything (including the EFI path) has a chance of permanently hard-bricking your computer! https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/2402
In a properly implemented EFI, this should be possible. But there have been cases with improperly implemented EFI in some laptops/motherboards where the computer won't POST after /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/ was nuked. In that case, accessing BIOS or booting from a flashdrive isn't possible anymore.
Once upon a time, I accidentally created a folder named "~" in my home folder (the company provided scripting framework would inconsistently expand variables, so the folder had a ton of stuff inside it).
I ran "rm -rf ~" and only panicked when I started to wonder why it wasn't taking too long.
Good news is that it only managed to get halfway through my local checkout of aosp before I stopped it.
Bad news was that it nuked most of my dotfiles.
It's actually harder to detect that. The * is expanded before the arguments are sent to rm, so it just sees a list of directories like /bin /usr /dev /sbin /home and so on.
You could implement logic to detect that case, but at that point you're just playing whackamole.
If you try to put in safeguards for every possible system-nuking command someone with root rights might type, you'll never get done.
When you're typing "rm -rf" as root, you should immediately stop and triple-check what you're doing.
Cause either there's a safer way to do what you want to do, or what you're trying isn't a good idea in the first place.
(Even when you want to delete lots of stuff in root space, a better way is to use find. You can use it to look for and list the files you want to delete. After you've checked its output and verified that those are the correct files, just cursor-up to get the same find query again and add --delete at the end)
rm is like "delete permanently", trash-cli is like regular delete - it moves to the trash bin. Many people like making an alias so rm runs trash-cli to prevent accidentally permanently deleting data
rm deletes files the normal way everyone who actually knows unix expects it
trash-cli tries to bring the comfort of windows to linux for the crybabies who like to delete files so recklessly that they end up screwing themselves later. (the same people who don't ever take backups or snapshots)