The last time this was posted, someone with more complex knowledge on the subject showed up with backing science that not only is this not true, but it until the mixture is around 10 percent sugar by weight, it has no noticable effect.
So unless you're carrying 400 lbs of sugar with you, the only thing you'd do is risk arrest.
My understanding is that sugar delays the setting of the cement but doesn't stop it entirely. I've heard of sugar being dumped into loads of cement that workers didn't have time to finish pouring and smoothing out.
Please be sure enough is used. You don't want to end up with marginally compromised concrete that stands up to construction but fails in a couple years killing the inmates.